Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: ксенофобия
- CZ: xenofobie
- DE: Ausländerfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit / Xenophobie
- EE: ksenofoobia / võõraviha
- EN: xenophobia
- ES: xenofobia
- FI: muukalaispelko, muukalaisviha; vieraanpelko, vierasviha
- FR: xénophobie
- GA: seineafóibe
- GR: ξενοφοβία
- HU: xenofóbia/ idegengyűlölet
- IT: xenofobia
- LT: ksenofobija
- LV: ksenofobija
- MT: Ksenofobija
- NL: xenofobie
- NO: fremmedfrykt (b); framandfrykt (n)
- PL: ksenofobia
- PT: xenofobia
- RO: xenofobie
- SE: främlingsfientlighet
- SK: xenofóbia
- SL: ksenofobija
Attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community, society or national identity.
(a) publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin;
(b) the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material;
(c) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group;
(d) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in Art. 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group.
- BG: изключваща клауза
- CZ: exkluzivní klauzule, vylučovací klauzule
- DE: Ausschlussklausel
- EE: välistav klausel
- EN: exclusion clause
- ES: cláusula de exclusión
- FI: poissulkemislauseke
- FR: clause d’exclusion
- GA: clásal eisiaimh
- GR: ρήτρες αποκλεισμού
- HU: kizáró klauzulák
- IT: clausola di esclusione
- LT: prašymo atmetimo pagrindai
- LV: izslēgšanas noteikums
- MT: Klawsola ta’ tbarrija / t’esklużjoni
- NL: uitsluitingsgronden
- NO: unntaksbestemmelse (b) / unntaksføresegn (n)
- PL: klauzula wykluczająca
- PT: cláusulas de exclusão
- RO: cauză de excludere
- SE: undantagsklausul
- SK: doložka o vylúčení / vylučovacia klauzula / vylučovacie ustanovenie
- SL: izključitvena klavzula
Specifically, any of the provisions of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, such as articles 1D, 1E and 1F, which mandatorily deny the benefits of refugee status to persons who already received UN or national protection, or to persons about whom there are good reasons to believe that they have committed a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN (e.g. the persecution of others).
- BG: военно престъпление
- CZ: válečný zločin
- DE: Kriegsverbrechen
- EE: sõjakuritegu
- EN: war crime
- ES: crímenes de guerra
- FI: sotarikokset
- FR: crimes de guerre
- GA: coir chogaidh
- GR: εγκλήματα πολέμου
- HU: háborús bűncselekmények
- IT: crimine di guerra
- LT: karo nusikaltimas
- LV: kara noziegums
- MT: Reati tal-gwerra
- NL: oorlogsmisdaden (syn.: oorlogsmisdrijven)
- NO: krigsforbrytelse (b) / krigsbrotsverk (n)
- PL: zbrodnie wojenne
- PT: crimes de guerra
- RO: crime de război
- SE: krigsförbrytelser
- SK: vojnový zločin
- SL: vojni zločin
Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions or other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflicts within the established framework of international law, as defined in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
- BG: расизъм
- CZ: rasismus
- DE: Rassismus
- EE: rassism
- EN: racism
- ES: racismo
- FI: rasismi
- FR: racisme
- GA: ciníochas
- HU: rasszizmus/ fajgyűlölet
- IT: razzismo
- LT: rasizmas
- LV: rasisms
- MT: Razziżmu
- NL: racisme
- NO: rasisme
- PL: rasizm
- PT: Racismo
- RO: rasism
- SE: rasism
- SK: rasizmus
- SL: rasizem
Ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin.
2. According to the EU acquis, and specifically Art. 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and xenophobia are considered to be:
(a) publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin;
(b) the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material;
(c) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group;
(d) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in Art. 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group.
3. The Council of Europe provides further insight into the understanding of this term.